Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the rationale behind Defense Order Number 28 in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on the legal rights of creditors. The study employed an analytical methodology, examining the defense orders, local laws, international conventions, and court decisions. The main findings of the study indicate that the Jordanian case appears to favor debtors, as it allowed for the postponement of imprisonment from March 2020 until the end of December 2022, without offering adequate solutions to protect the rights of creditors. The only recourse given to creditors was the option to request the competent judicial authority to prevent the debtor from leaving the country. On an international level, the study reveals that Defense Order Number 28 was implemented to meet Jordan's international obligations. However, this order contradicts a fundamental principle of Civil law, which is to support and uphold the rights of the right holder. By prohibiting the creditor from employing essential means to claim their rights from the debtor, the order undermines the creditor's position. In conclusion, the study suggests that Jordan is in the process of abolishing imprisonment sentences in civil and commercial transactions, yet it does not provide adequate solutions to safeguard the rights of creditors during this transition.