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Mathematical formalism on "Arabic Language DNA"
In this work we formalize new findings on formal Arabic language by constructing equivalence classes on letters depending on inversion principle. This equivalent relation furnishes a conjecture that Arabic language has a DNA-like inversion controller, called language DNA (LDNA) (Al-Rawajfeh, 2020) and ...
The relationship between petroleum price and real exchange rate: an example of Iraq
Petroleum is one of the world's most important economic products. It is widely accepted that petroleum is not only an energy product, but also a financial asset. Therefore, it is important to understand the dependence of petroleum prices on economic conditions and financial markets and how they can affect ...
Taylor approximation for solving linear and nonlinear Ill-Posed Volterra equations via an iteration method
In this paper, we present two algorithms for the approximate or exact solution of a class of Volterra integral equations of first kind. As well known, this is an ill posed problem, but we convert it to well-posedness of the second kind Volterra problems, then we apply the variational iteration method. ...
Retracted Article: Two different scenarios when the Collatz Conjecture fails
Retraction in: Comment from article: Two different scenarios when the Collatz Conjecture fails. Author: Petro Kosobutskyy. Volume 12 - Issue 4 | PP: 179 - 182. Doi: https://doi.org/10.31559/glm2022.12.4.4
New search direction of steepest descent method for solving large linear systems
The steepest descent (SD) method is well-known as the simplest method in optimization. In this paper, we propose a new SD search direction for solving system of linear equations Ax = b. We also prove that the proposed SD method with exact line search satisfies descent condition and possesses global ...
A Stochastic Maximum Principle for a Minimization Problem Under Partial Information
In this paper, we establish a stochastic maximum principle for a stochastic minimization problem under partial information. With the Backward stochastic differential equations (in short BSDE’s), we establish a sufficient condition of optimality to characterize and determine an optimal control. ...
Existence and Ulam stability of solutions for Caputo-Hadamard fractional differential equations
In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for fractional differential equations with the Caputo-Hadamard fractional derivative of order 2 (1, 2]. The uniqueness result is proved via Banach’s contraction mapping principle and the existence results are established by using the Schauder’s ...
Estimating Regression Coefficients using Bootstrap with application to Covid-19 Data
The linear regression model is often used by researchers and data analysts for predictive, descriptive, and inferential purposes. When working with empirical data, this model is based on a set of assumptions that are not always satisfied. In this situation, using more complicated regression algorithms ...
Schultz and Modified Schultz Polynomials of Chain from Alternating Hexagonal and Quadruple Rings
Many topological indices are closely related to chemical and physical properties, especially types of chemical structures that are characterized by the forms of chains of special chemical structures including hexacyclic, pentagonal, and tetracyclic structures. In 1947, the first chemist to find a relationship ...
Stability for Pantograph Fractional Differential Equations
In this manuscript, we studied some sufficient condition for the asymptotically stable of the zero solution of pantograph Caputo fractional differential equations of order (1 < < 2). In a weighted Banach space, we used Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem to derive new reIn this manuscript, ...