Abstract

This study aims to provide a distinction between the effects of mediator and moderator variables that enhance the possibility of distinguishing and determining the cases that benefit from both. The descriptive comparative approach was applied to contribute a clear conceptual framework based on steps within scientific research. In the case that requires revealing the effect of the third variable, it enters the traditional relationship that were previously limited to only two variables, namely, the dependent and the independent. Also, it explores the powerful effects of mediator and moderator variables. The absence of a clear identification of the moderator and mediator variables in business models represents the research gap of the study, and it is one of the most important reasons for miss integration of the business models with proven theories or previous solid studies. The research question was formulated as follows: are there differences between the effects of the mediator and moderator variables? The research concludes that: The nature of the complex administrative and psychological and educational problems can be exposed and allocated in a more transparent and accurate method, by structuring mediator and moderator variables effects in the causal research relationship. Moderator effects describe the situation in which the relationship between the independent and the dependent is not static. It is responsible for the existence of heterogeneity in the dependent variable. Mediation effects occur when a third variable explains the relationship between the independent and the dependent. They control the nature of the relationship and consider the conceptual support for it. Mediator and moderator variables effects broaden the scope of the prevailing theories of action and enable researchers to answer research questions regarding 'when', 'how' and 'why’, and customizing precise relationships between the dependent and the independent. Thus, this study involves multiple effects in future causal and correlational studies in administrative, psychological, and educational sciences.